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Table 3 The antibacterial activities (MIC and MBC values) of peptide derivatives against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

From: Dual-function antimicrobial-antibiofilm peptide hybrid to tackle biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis

Bacterial strains

MIC (MBC) (µg/mL)

 

Strain

BiF

BiF2

BiF2_7K

BiF2_5K7K

Melittin

Gram-positive bacteria

Staphylococcus epidermidis

ATCC 35984a

>250

(>250)

31.25

(62.5)

7.81

(7.81)

15.63

(31.25)

15.63

(15.63)

Staphylococcus aureus

ATCC

25923a

>250

(>250)

62.5

(62.5)

15.63

(15.63)

>250

(>250)

3.91

(3.91)

Bacillus cereus

ATCC 11778a

>250

(>250)

15.63

(15.63)

7.81

(7.81)

250

(250)

3.91

(3.91)

Listeria monocytogenes

10403s

>250

(>250)

15.63

(31.25)

7.81

(7.81)

31.25

(62.5)

3.91

(3.91)

Gram-negative bacteria

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ATCC 27853a

>250

(>250)

15.63

(31.25)

15.63

(15.63)

62.5

(125)

15.63

(15.63)

Salmonella Typhimurium

ATCC 13311a

>250

(>250)

62.5

(62.5)

7.81

(15.63)

31.25

(62.5)

3.91

(3.91)

Escherichia coli

ATCC 25922a

>250

(>250)

31.25

(31.25)

31.25

(31.25)

250

(250)

31.25

(31.25)

Acinetobacter baumanii

MT strainb

>250

(>250)

62.5

(62.5)

7.81

(7.81)

31.25

(31.25)

7.81

(7.81)

MHCc (µg/mL)

15.63

1.95

15.63

>250

<0.98

GM +d

>250

31.25

9.77

199.22

6.84

TI +e

0.03

0.06

1.60

2.51

0.07

GM-f

>250

42.97

15.63

93.75

14.65

TI-g

0.03

0.05

1

5.33

0.03

  1. a ATCC, the American Type Culture Collection
  2. b MT strain, bacterial strain provided from Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University
  3. c MHC, minimum hemolytic concentration, indicated the peptide concentration causing 10% hemolysis of hRBCs. When no 10% hemolysis was detected at 250 µg/mL, a value of 500 µg/mL was used to calculate the therapeutic index. When no 10% hemolysis was observed at a concentration of 0.98 µg/mL, a value of 0.49 µg/mL was utilized for calculating the therapeutic index
  4. d GM + and f GM-, the geometric mean of MIC values from all gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains, respectively
  5. e TI + and g TI-, therapeutic index is the ratio of the MHC to the geometric mean of MICs from all gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains, respectively