Successful treatment of Keratitis caused by Mycobacterium chelonae and an overview of previous cases in Europe

Table 3 Review of antibacterial agents utilized for the treatment of ocular infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria

ATB	Route of administration^a	Concentration	Availability	Reference
amikacin*	AT	20–40 mg/ml	sterile compounding from IV formulation	Nixon 2018, Lin 2019
	AI	125 µg/0,1 ml or 400 µg/0,1 ml (CAVE retinal toxicity)	sterile compounding from IV formulation	Verma 2015
	SB	20 mg in 0,5 ml	sterile compounding from IV formulation	Lin, 2019
	IS	0.1 ml of 2.5 mg/ml	sterile compounding from IV formulation	Merridew, 2019
azithromycin*	AT	10 mg/ml or 15 mg/ml	commercial preparation	Lin, 2019
besifloxacin	AT	6 mg/ml	commercial preparation	Lin, 2019
ciprofloxacin	AT	3 mg/ml	commercial preparation	Lin 2019
ciprofloxacin	AI	100 µg/0,1 ml	sterile compounding from topical preparation	Verma 2015
clarithromycin*	AT	10–40 mg/ml	sterile compounding from IV formulation	Gokhale, 2008
gatifloxacin	AT	3–5 mg/ml	commercial preparation	Lin 2019
imipenem/cilastatin*	AT	10 mg/ml	sterile compounding from IV formulation	Nixon 2018
imipenem/cilastatin*	AI	50–100 µg/0,1 ml	sterile compounding from IV formulation	Verma 2015
levofloxacin*	AT	15 mg/ml	commercial preparation	Lin, 2019
linezolid	AT	2 mg/ml	sterile IV formulation	Nixon 2018, Lin 2019
moxifloxacin*	AT	5 mg/ml	commercial preparation	Lin, 2019
moxifloxacin*	AI	200 µg/0,1 ml	sterile compounding from topical preparation (preservative free)	Verma, 2015

^a IV intravenous, AI intravitreal, SB subconjunctival, IS intrastromal, AT topical
∗) systemic use of antimicrobials possible [49, 50]
Intensive and prolonged antibacterial treatment of keratitis can impair wound healing by delayed epithelization and stromal corneal thinning even if infection receded [30]. Preservative free formulations are recommended to avoid corneal toxicity

ISSN: 1476-0711