Table 1 Year-to-year comparisons of patient demographic profiles, sample distribution, and pathogen distribution of blood stream infection data from the national microbiology laboratory, Asmara, Eritrea: 2014–2022
Characteristics | ≤ 2016 n (%) | 2017–2018 n (%) | 2019–2020 n (%) | > 2020 n (%) | p-value (χ2) | Total n(%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | 675 (21.4) | 437 (13.9) | 907(28.8) | 1134(36.0) | - | 3153 |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 364(53.9) | 248(56.8) | 529(58.3) | 656(57.8) | 0.309 (3.6) | 1797 (57.0) |
Female | 311(46.1) | 189(43.2) | 378(41.7) | 478(42.2) | 1356(43) | |
Age (years) | ||||||
<1 month | 316(46.8) | 103(23.6) | 286(31.5) | 0(0.0) | < 0.001 (594.17) | 705(23.7) |
>1 month– 1year | 100 (14.8) | 92(21.1) | 149(16.4) | 322(33.8) | 663(22.3) | |
>1–15 years | 165(24.4) | 140(32.0) | 237(26.1) | 284(29.8) | 826(27.8) | |
>15–40 years | 66(9.8) | 70(16.0) | 113(12.5) | 173(18.2) | 422(14.2) | |
> 40 years | 28(4.1) | 32(7.3) | 122(13.5) | 173(18.2) | 355(11.9) | |
Hospital | ||||||
OPH | 579(85.8) | 332(76.0) | 668(73.6) | 763(67.3) | < 0.001(86.9) | 2342(74.3) |
ONRH | 82(12.1) | 98(22.4) | 230(25.4) | 337(29.7) | 747(23.7) | |
Others | 14(2.1) | 7(1.6) | 9(1.0) | 34(1.1) | 64(2.0) | |
Gram Staining | ||||||
Gram Negative | 44(36.7) | 39(60.0) | 113(63.1) | 146(61.9) | < 0.001(25.5) b | 342(57.0) |
Gram Positive | 76(63.3) | 26(40.0) | 66(36.9) | 90(38.1) | 258(43.0) | |
Culture outcome | ||||||
Positive cultures | 161(23.9) | 118 (27.0) | 312 (34.4) | 435(38.4) | < 0.001 (48.24) b | 1026(32.5) |
Positive | ||||||
Positive - Pathogens | 124 (18.4) | 70 (16.0) | 186(20.5) | 283(25.0) | < 0.001 (61.03) | 663(64.6) |
Positive - Potential contaminants | 37(5.5) | 48(11.0) | 126 (13.9) | 152(13.4) | 363 (35.4) | |
Common isolates | ||||||
CoNs | 60 (48.4) | 15 (21.4) | 49 (26.3) | 65 (23.1) | < 0.001 (137.34) | 189 (28.5) |
Enterobacter spp. | 3 (2.4) | 3(4.3) | 7(3.8) | 17(6.0) | 30 (4.5) | |
Staphylococcus aureus | 10(8.1) | 8(11.4) | 14(7.5) | 15(5.3) | 47(7.1) | |
Klebsiella spp. | 25(20.2) | 15(21.4) | 39(21.0) | 41(14.6) | 120(18.2) | |
Escherichia coli | 7(5.6) | 7(10.0) | 23(12.4) | 29(10.3) | 66(10.0) | |
Pseudomonas spp. | 2(1.6) | 5(7.1) | 18(9.7) | 9(3.2) | 34 (5.1) | |
Salmonella spp. | 3(2.4) | 0(0.0) | 4(2.2) | 26(9.3) | 33 (5.0) | |
Citrobacter spp. | 2(1.6) | 6(8.6) | 17(9.1) | 23(8.2) | 48(7.3) | |
Acinetobacter spp. | 2 (1.6) | 2(2.9) | 1(0.5) | 0(0.0) | 5(0.8) | |
Streptococcus pneumoniae | 1 (0.15) | 1(0.15) | 0 (0.0) | 0(0.0) | 2(0.3) | |
GPB | 0(0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 35(12.5) | 35 (5.3) | |
Other GNB | 5 (4.0) | 3(4.3) | 10(5.4) | 12(4.3) | 30(4.5) | |